Reactualizing Tahqiq al-Manath in Nahdlatul Ulama's Bahtsul Masail: The Manhaji Method and the Ulama's Role as Jurists of Public Welfare
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35672/jnus.v7i2.164-177Keywords:
Tahqiq Al-Manath, Manhaji Method, Bahtsul Masail, Muqaddimah Kulliyyah, Muqaddimah Juz'iyyah, Public WelfareAbstract
The increasing complexity of contemporary social issues requires Nahdlatul Ulama’s Bahtsul Masail to move beyond the exclusive use of the qauli and ilhaqi methods by developing a manhaji approach capable of reconciling textual authority with changing social realities. This study aims to analyze the application of tahqiq al-manath within the manhaji method, particularly the relationship between muqaddimah kulliyyah and muqaddimah juz’iyyah, and to examine the contribution of ulama as faqih fi mashalih al-khalqi in producing contextual legal decisions oriented toward public welfare. This study employed a qualitative-descriptive approach using library research. The primary data were obtained from works on Islamic legal theory, official Bahtsul Masail decisions, and literature discussing tahqiq al-manath, while the secondary data consisted of books and scholarly articles on the qauli, ilhaqi, and manhaji methods. The data were analyzed through content and conceptual analysis involving classification, interpretation, comparison, and synthesis of relevant sources. The findings indicate that tahqiq al-manath functions as a bridge between muqaddimah kulliyyah, which provides the normative and methodological foundation, and muqaddimah juz’iyyah, which involves examining the realities, causes, consequences, and conditions surrounding the legal object. The manhaji method does not depart from the Islamic legal school tradition because it continues to employ the framework of legal reasoning developed by classical jurists. The study also demonstrates that ulama participating in Bahtsul Masail should act as jurists who understand both religious texts and the actual needs and welfare of society. This study contributes a conceptual framework of tahqiq al-manath for developing a more methodological, contextual, multidisciplinary, and responsive model of Bahtsul Masail in addressing contemporary issues.
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